Law as the King’s New Clothes: Challenges in Biomedical Law and Ethics
- Seyyed Shahabodd Mousavizadeh Markieh - Lecturer of University of Guilan, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran [sshahabm88@gmail.com]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic issue of biomedical law and ethics and the strategies to approach such significant topics. The key question is what problem more than anything else can impose itself on the relationship between biomedical law and ethics. "Survival" seems to be the answer to the question. The present study was conducted for the purpose of describing and analyzing using library resources. The results showed that the importance of preserving human species in the world on the one hand and the application of medical procedures on the other hand may impact the relationship between biomedical law and ethics. However, the intrinsic self-esteem of human beings makes the problem complicated especially when it comes to medical experiments on humans, human cloning, and so on. Studies have shown that while a prevailing equality-based perspective in society can prevent the commodification of human-beings in such a situation, it is ultimately the virtue of "sacrifice" that avails the medical profession to assist human survival in the light of ethical considerations. In this case, survival itself is an end and a "good" that deserves to be achieved.
Keywords
References:
- Stewart R, van Carina Rooyen, Korth M, Cher-eni A, Rebelo Da Silva N, de Wet T. Do micro-credit, micro-savings and micro-leasing serve as effective financial inclusion interventions enabling poor people, and especially women, to engage in meaningful economic opportunities in low- and middle-income countries? a sys-tematic review of the evidence. London: EPPI-centre, social science research unit, institute of education, university of London; 2012: 223 p.
- Duvendack M, Palmer-Jones R, Copestake J, Hooper L. What is the evidence of the impact of microfinance on the well-being of poor people? London: EPPI-centre, social science research unit, institute of education, university of London; 2011: 192 p.
- UNESCO. [UNESCO science report]. Translated by Ismail Yazdanpour. Tehran: Institute for Cultural and Social Studies; 2016. 201 p. Persian.
- Islamic Republic News Agency [Internet]. Theran: Irna. Everyone still wants to be a doctor; 2019 Aug 8 [Cited 2019 May 19] Available from: https://www.irna.ir/news/82991366/%D9 %87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%87% D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8% AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%D9%83-%D8%B4% D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF.
- Ghaneeirad MA. [Surveying science and society]. 2nd ed. Tehran: Institute for Cultural and Social Studies; 2016. p. 478-9. Persian.
- Harirchi I. Serious shortage of physicians in the country [Internet]. Islamic Republic News Agency; 2019 Sept 18 [Cited 2019 May 19]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www. isna.ir/news/98040804014/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8 %AF%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4 %DA%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DA%A9% D8%B4%D9% 88%D8%B1.
- Street BV, Street BB. Literacy in Theory and practice. Translated by Mahsa Sheikhan. Theran: Institute for cultural and social studies in collaboration with the Institute for Culture, Art and Communication; 2018: 30552. Persian.
- Tabatabai Motami M. [Administrative law]. 3rd ed. Tehran: Position; 2011. 253 p. Persian.
- Tabatabaei Motameni M. Public Liberties and Human Rights. Print: 4. Tehran: Tehran University Press; 2009. 142. Persian.
- Chavoshian A, Takeuchi K. Large-scale floods report. Japan: Public Works Research Institute of Japan, ICHARM; 2013. 205 p.
- Daryab S, Vahdati Nasab H. [Neanderthal man: death and death awareness]. Iran Anthropol Res. 2014;4(1):131-49. Persian.
- Islami Nadoushan MA. [Iranian identity in the post-Islamic period]. Political and Economic Ettelaat. 1998;12(129-130):50-55. Persian.
- North DC, Wallis JJ, Weingast BR. Violence and social order: a conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;2009. p. 13-4.
- Eghtesadonline. [Know the top 10 causes of death in the world] [Internet]. Tehran: Eg-htesadonline; [cited 2019 sept 20]; [about 5 screens]: Available from: https://www.eghtes-adonline.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA-84/140213-%D8%AF%D9%84%DB% 8C%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF% D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D9 %85%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1 -%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-% D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9% 86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF.
- Shadpour K. [Health sector reform in Islamic republic of Iran]. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2006;10(3):7-20. Persian.
- Rouland N. [Legal Anthropology]. Translated by Nikpay A. Tehran: Jungle; 2006. p. 16-3. Persian.
- Mohagheghedamad SM. [Biological ethics from the perspective of Islamic theologians]. In: Ayoubi H, Mohagheghedamad SM, Abbasi M, editors. Proceedings of the scientific specialized conference on the role of religions in explaining ethical values. Tehran: Hoghooghi Publication; 2019. p. 12-4. Persian.
- Feltz B. The Philosophical and ethical issues of climate change. The UNESCO Courier. 2019;3:7-9.
- Rasekh M, Khodaparast AH. [A right to know one`s biological parents]. J Reprod Infertil. 2007;8(3):247-58.
- Gus J. [American society and administrative affairs]. In: Dwight Waldo, editor. The study of public administration. Translated by Piranzar H. Tehran: Ibn Sina Bookstore in collaboration with Franklin. 1955. p. 43-55.
- In this issue, including: Palmer, Michael. [Moral problems]. Translated by Al-Bouyeh AR. Qom: Institute for Islamic science and culture. 2006. 98 p. Persian.
- Movahedi MJ, Tavakoli GhH. [The comparison of deontological and consequential solutions in abortion and brain death]. Bioeth J. 2012;2(6):135-53. Persian.
- Heidari AE, Keshavarz H, Sepehr, MN. [Review of medical ethics in Avicenna’s book Canon of medicine]. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2012;5(5):66-75. Persian.
- Ranney A. [Governing]. Translated by Sazgar L. Tehran: IUP; 1995. 70 p. Persian.
- Sa’ed MJ. [The ethical approach to Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish and Christ religion in human cloning]. Med Ethics. 2007;1(1):111-62. Persian.
- Aramesh K. [Human cloning from the ethics perspective: secular and Shiite attitudes]. In: Akhondi MM, Eftekhar Jahromi G, Rasekh M, Ali Motevolizadeh Ardakani A, editors. Genetics: Law, ethics, psychology (Proceedings). Tehran: Ibn Sina Research Institute; 2010. p. 43-58. Persian.
- Hampton, Jean. [Political philosophy]. Translated by Dyihimi Kh. Tehran: Tarheno; 2010. 21 p. Persian.
- Katouzian N. [Introduction to law and study in the Iranian legal system]. 38th ed. Theran: Sahame Enteshar Company; 2004. 35 p. Persian.
- Nikpay A. [Iranian intellectuals and identity]. National Stud Quart. 2004;5(2):199-240. Persian.
- Leeuw FL, Schmeets H. Empirical legal research: a guidance book for lawyers, legislators and regulators. 1st ed. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2016. 194 p.
- Tom RT. Why people obey the law. 1st ed. London: Yale University Press; 1990. 161 p.
- Cane P. Administrative law. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.; 2011. 480 p.
- Public Audit Act 1987 (IRI), S 57.
- Zeinabadi M. [Mental-social health]. In: Salehi Amiri SR, editor. Proceedings of the Iranian social challenges. Tehran: Institute for strategic studies of expediency siscernment council; 2008. p. 275-318. Persian.
- Sobhani J. [Darwinism or the evolution: critique and analysis]. 1st ed. Qom: Imam Sadegh Institute; 2007. 20 p. Persian.
- Lankrani F, Javad M. [Juridical - legal analysis of artificial insemination]. 1st ed. Qom: A’eme At’har Juridical Center; 2010. 10 p. Persian.
- Rasekh M. [A theory of rights]. J Reprod Infertil. 2009;10(4):299-316. Persian.
- Gowder P. The rule of law and equality. Law and Philosophy. 2013;32(5):565-618.
- Weingast, Barry R. Why developing countries prove so resistant to the rule of law. In: James JH, Robert LN, Lee C, editors. Global perspective on the rule of law. Abingdon: Routledge; 2011. p. 27-51.
- Jackson J, Bradford B, Hough M, Myhill A, Quinton P, Tyler TR. Why do people comply with the law? Legitimacy and influence of legal institutions. Br J Criminol. 2012;52(6):1051-71.
- Tamanaha, BZ. On the rule of law. New York: Cambridge university press; 2004. 123 p.
- Rao, J. Mohan, [The decline in birth rate in Europe and elsewhere] In: World Culture Report. Author: Writers Group. Translated by: Translators Group. Editor: Hadi Qabraei. Theran: Iranian National Commission for UNESCO. 2000: 56 p. Persian.