Animal Abuse in Iran: A Case of Non Liquet Abstract

Volume 1 Number 2 (Autumn-Winter 2019)
Original Article | Pages: 36 - 52
  • Jamal Beigi - Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran [Jamalbeigi@iau-maragheh.ac.ir]

Abstract

Background: Continuous and frequent reports published in the media presage the widespread and growing violence against animals. Disregard for ethical, religious and cultural teachings of Iranian society about respecting the rights of animals is an obvious challenge despite observing international commitments about animal rights and the duty of Iran’s government to protect the environment stipulated in Article 50 of the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran and other legal and canonical legislations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the main question of what are the juridical and legal challenges facing animal abuse in Iran? Methods: In this qualitative research, document analysis was used. Legally permissible and prohibited actions in animal abuse, animal abuse as a non-liquet in constitution of Iran in conjunction with the sentence for animal abuse in Islamic and ethical teachings were analyzed and discussed in this paper. Results: Considering the repeated animal abuse among helpless animals and the non-liquet in the constitution, animals rights in Iran are not observed satisfactorily. The continuous claims of officials at Department of Environment who divest themselves of duty and legal responsibility for preserving rights of domestic orphaned animals and unwild species also need more investigation which affects the severe condition of such animals. Conclusion: The outcomes of the legal challenges regarding animal abuse in Iran are the sign of a non liquet in constitution. Therefore, in order to prevent and overcome the problems of animal abuse in Iran and observe international commitments, it is necessary to pass a bill prohibiting animal abuse in Iran constitution.

Keywords

Animal abuse, Iran constitution, Environmental ethics

References:

  1. PourMohammadi Sh. [The scope of animal rights in Islam and the West]. Fam Law Jurisprudence J. 2005;10(39):134-62. Persian.
  2. American Psychiatric Association. [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders]. Rezaee F, Fakhraee A, Farmand A, Niloufari A, Hashemi Azar J, Shamloo F (Translation). 6th ed. Tehran: Arjmand Publishing; 2020. 510 p. Persian.
  3. Nurse A. Policing wildlife: perspectives on criminality in wildlife crime. British Criminology Conference. 2011;11:38-53.
  4. Seery S. [Observing animal rights in the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions]. Available from: http://www.vetpars.com. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian.
  5. Javadi M, Massoudi A. [Animal rights from the perspective of Islam]. Ethic Res J. 2013;4(2):21-48. Persian.
  6. Sharif al-Radhi MBH (Compilation). Nahj al-Balagha. Shahidi SJ (Translation). 21th ed. Tehran: Elmi Farhangi Publishing; 2001. Persian.
  7. Vaziri Fard SMJ, Olaii A. [Slaughter and hunting, from the perspective of animal rights in Shiite jurisprudence]. Shiite Studies J. 2014;12 (47):201-32. Persian.
  8. Rezaee P. [A look at animal rights in Islam environmental ethics from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah]. Marefat Akhlaghi J. 2010;1(3):145-58. Persian.
  9. Kosha J. [Culture building and the penal code; the way to prevent animal abuse]. Available from: https://www.borna.news. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian.
  10. Khanalipoor Vajargah S, Aghababaei H, Ansari E. [Animals' rights in light of critical non-species criminology]. Crim Law Res J. 2016;7(2):105-29. Persian.
  11. Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES). Signed 3 March 1973.
  12. Abdollahi M, Ramazani Ghavam Abadi MH, Faryadi M, Sajedi Z. Environmental criminal law: considerations and strategies. 1st ed. Tehran: J Islamic Republic of Iran Publish; 2009. 307 p.
  13. Universal declaration of animal rights.15 October 1978.
  14. Kazemi AH, Razm Araei N, Samadi Rad B. [Animal rights and biomedical research]. Med Ethics J. 2011;5(15):63-82. Persian.
  15. Chapouthier G. Les droits de l'animal, Que saisje? Paris: Presses Universitaires de France; 1992. p. 36-8.
  16. Zamani MR. [Lawyers warns of environmental destruction and widespread slaughter of migratory birds in Fereidunkar]. Available from: http://arw.ir/?p=58985. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian.
  17. Sabzi A. [Punishment for animal abuse in Iran]. Available from: http://www.vetpars. com. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian.
  18. Abiri A. [The station of animal rights in Iran law]. Available from: https://mag.nilsoo.com. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian.
  19. Beigi J, Dadashi Chakan MM. [Situational prevention of environmental crimes in Iran & international documents]. 1st ed. Tehran: Khorsandi Publishing; 2016. 202 p. Persian.
  20. Massoudi A. [Comparative study of behavior with animals in Islamic ethics and Western secular ethics (with emphasis on the universal declaration of animal rights). [dissertation]. [Tehran]: University of Quran & Hadith. 2012. p. 13. Persian.
  21. Moghimi Haji A. [Animal rights in Islamic jurisprudence]. Feghh-e-Ahle-Beit J. 2007;12(48):138-95. Persian.
  22. Kalantari Arsanjani AA. Shiite fiqh and animal rights. Fiqh J. 2002;9(33-34):247-86.
  23. Kalantari Arsanjani AA. Shiite fiqh and animal rights. Fiqh J. 2002;9(33-34):247-86.
  24. Hentschel U, Gudmund S, Draguns JG, Ehlers W. Defense mechanisms: theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. 1st ed. Vol. 136. Elsevier Publishing; 2004. p. 70.
  25. Gharaei-Moghaddam A. The role of education in youth political participation. Young Stud Media J. 2013;10(20):71-90.
  26. Rezanejad A. [Legal & juridical study the phe-nomenon of animal abuse]. [master’s thesis]. Mazandaran: University of Mazandaran. 2017; p. 9-10, 87-90. Persian.
  27. Akiyama H, Holtzman JM, Britz WE. Pet ownership and healthstatus during bereavement. Death and Dying J. 1987;17:93-187.
  28. Garrity TF, Stallones L, Marx MB, Johnson TP. Pet ownership and attachment as supportive factors in the health of the elderly. Anthrozoös J. 1989;3:35-44.
  29. Serpell J. Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health. Royal Soc Med J. 1991;84(12):717-20.
  30. Choobineh H, Rostami R, Mohamadi A, Bahonar AR, Shirani D, Safdari R, et al. [A study on mental health status and personality traits of pet owners]. Armaghan-e-Danesh J. 2007; 12(46):99-107. Persian.
  31. Mugford RS, Mcomisky JG. Therapeutic value of cage birds with old people. In: Anderson RS, editor. Pet animals & society. Bellaire tindal. London: UK; 1972. p. 54-65.
  32. McNicholas J, Gilbey A, Rennie A, Ahmedzai S, Dono JA, Ormerod E. Pet ownership and human health: a brief review of evidence and issues. BMJ. 2005;331(7527):1252-4.
  33. Friedmann E. The role of pets in enhancing human well-being: psychological effects. In: Robinson I, editor. The waltham book of human-animal interaction: benefits and responsibilities. UK: Courtesy of Waltham; 1998. p. 33-53.
  34. Schmall VL, Pratt C. Special sriends: elders and pets. Generation: Am Geriatr Soc J. 1986;10(4):44-5.
  35. Bagley DK, Gonsman VL. Pet attachment and personality type. Anthroz J. 2005;18(1):28-42.
  36. Feldman R. Understandin psychology. 13th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Education Publishing; 2020. 670 p.
  37. Flynn C. Acknowledging the zoological connection: a sociological analysis of animal cruelty. Soc Animals J. 2001;9(1):71-87.
  38. Davis D. The Jeffrey dahmer story. An American nightmare. New York: St. Martins Press; 1991. 97 p.
  39. Sotoudeh HA, Mirzaei B, Pazand A. [Criminal psychology]. Tehran: Avayenoor Publishing; 2016. 203 p. Persian.
  40. McLean I. [The concise oxford dictionary of politics]. Ahmadi H (Translation). 3th ed. Tehran: Mizan Publishing; 2017. 997 p. Persian.
  41. Kay Nia M. [Criminal psychology]. Vol. 1. Tehran: Roshd Publishing; 2011. 232 p. Persian.
  42. Beigi J, Khoshyari Hajibaba R. An overview of the environmental crimes of Zayandehrood relying on international documents. [Presentation]. Specialized conference on law, water, Zayandehrood, Bar association of Isfahan. 3th May 2012. Persian.
  43. Vafadar A. [Commitment and responsibility of States in observance the environment]. Environ Sci Technol J. 2007;9(1):101-10. Persian.
  44. Khoshyari Hajibaba R, Majdi A. [The protection of animals by Iranian law and international documents]. Med Law J. 2013;7(26): 171-92. Persian.
  45. Krstić N. Animal protection from killing & abuse in the european & serbian criminal Law. Law and Politics J. 2012;10(1):43-61.
  46. Glayl Blorchi M. [Animal rights concerns in Iran and the need for criminalization of animal abuse]. [Presentation]. Second special conference on animal rights. International conference hall environmental protection agency. 9th September 2016. Persian.
  47. Ale davoud SJ, Javazadeh blouri A, Sadeghi H, Sabzghabaie MAM, Latifi SM, Nourouzian R, et al. [Preparation of ethic codes for studies on laboratory animals]. Babol Univ Med Sci J. 2005;8(5):55-64. Persian.
  48. Margaret R, Elizabeth G. Australia’s ethical framework for animals used in research and teaching. Available from: http://www.daff. gov.au/animal/plant/ health/welfare. [Accessed 11th November 2019].
  49. Gail M. Animal rights. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation Publishing; 2012. 57 p.
  50. Khalegi A. [Analysis of national criminal sanctions on the fauna protection with study on the international documents]. Private Law stud J. 2011;40(4):155-72. Persian.
  51. Zoalam A. [Reflection on the concept of challeng; The word challenge in Iran sociocultural literature]. Zamaneh J. 2005;4(36):34-7. Persian.
  52. PourMohammadi Sh. [The scope of animal rights in Islam and the West]. Fam Law and Jurisprudence J. 2005;10(40):136-151. Persian.
  53. Shakar Beigi Z. [Comparative study of violent behaviors towards domestic animals in Iran and French law]. [master’s thesis]: [Tehran]: University of Qom; 2014. p. 155-214. Persian.
  54. Shamloo B, Ahmadi A, khosroshahi G. [Green victimology]. Crim Law Res J. 2017;6(20):37-67. Persian.
  55. Moshiri A. [Review of draft animal protection bill]. Available from: https://www.irna.ir/ news/83530729. [Accessed 11th November 2019]. Persian

Fulltext

Download PDF version

XML Format

XML in HBI Format

Citation

Beigi J. Animal Abuse in Iran: A Case of Non Liquet Abstract. Iran J Biomed Law Ethics. 2020;1(2):36-52.

http://ijbmle.ir/en/articles/14
Address

Iranian Journal of Biomedical law and Ethics, Office for Scientific Research Journals, Avicenna Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Tel: +98 (21) 22 43 2020 (local 452)
Fax: +98 (21) 22 43 2021
Email: info@ijbmle.ir
Homepage
About the Journal
For Authors
Online Submission
Articles

Copyright © 2024 IJBMLE All Rights Reserved.

Designed & Developed by Amin Fazlali